感谢华东师大艺术系硕士研究生徐进提供并整理该文资料---洪啸音乐教育工作站

学位授予单位 首都师范大学  
中文关键词 健全人格;音乐教育;关键期;创造人格  
导师 郑莉  
论文级别 硕士  
学科专业名称 音乐

  
中文摘要 人格又称为个性，是个体具有一定倾向性的各种心理特征的总和，即一个人的精神面貌。性格的形成是有连续性的，后期的发展离不开早期的影响。儿童早期是儿童心理发展的“关键期”，儿童的一些认识和行为如果错过这个时期，以后就难以弥补。儿童早期所具有的某些品质可能影响个体一生的发展。健全的早期教育对人格的形成具有重要的意义。人民教育家陶行知在《创设乡村幼稚园宣言》中特别强调：幼儿教育是人生的基础教育。他指出：“幼儿教育实为人生之基础，不可不趁早给他建立。儿童学者告诉我们，六岁以前是人格陶冶最重要的时期，这时期培养得好，以后只须稍加培养，自然成为社会优良的分子；倘若培养得不好，那么习惯成了不易改，倾向定了不易移，态度决了不易变。”我国幼儿教育事业开拓者陈鹤琴也一再强调：“幼稚期是人生最重要的一个时期，什么习惯、言语、技能、思想、态度、情绪都要在此时打下一个基础，若基础打得不稳固，那健全的人格就不易建造了。”因此，培养孩子健全的人格，这才是儿童教育的首要目的。 当今我国的教育中，大部分家长对子女的智力发展甚为关注，虽然期望过高，但不讲求科学的方法，对孩子施加超负荷的压力，结果拔苗助长，孩子厌学现象越来越严重。儿童身心受到摧残，情感、性格的健康发展受到影响，出现各种心理疾病，造成了极为严重的后果。 根据以上情况，本文对怎样通过音乐教育，使孩子的身体、心理和精神获得健康发展进行了专题研究。引用一些人类学的研究成果，从宏观上分析了不同年龄阶段儿童生理、心理方面的需求，并从微观上探讨了，如何了解孩子的先天资质，并且介绍了I—tell皮纹测试的方法，提出了因材施教、与孩子的天性合作的方法。本文还分析了当前我国教育的现状及存在的问题，明确了音乐教育在儿童健康人格培养中的责任与目标，并且从如何通过动作促进孩子心理发展、创造性人格培养以及儿童情感教育等角度，提出了音乐教育中培养健康人格应当采取的教育策略和建议。

  
英文摘要 Early infancy is the "key stage" for kids to develop their mentality. Beyond this stage, certain kinds of cognition and demeanour will hardly be acquired again. Forming a personality is a continuous process, the later development will be greatly affected by the early ones. Some characteristics that a kid obtained in the early infancy may affect his whole life. The wholesome education in nonage has a great significance for kids for building up their personalities. Famous educationalist Tao Xingzhi had emphasized specially in his paper-< manifesto of establishing nursery schools in the countryside>-that the one in nonage is the basis of education for our lifetime. He pointed out that early education in infancy was the foundation of life and must be received firmly. Some scholars said the time before 6-year-old was the most important period for forming a good personality. If one had done a good job within this duration, one can become excellent naturally trough a much more easier way; oppositely, if one had not got a well early education, then he may be troubled with bad habits, ideas or attitudes which are hardly changeable. Chen Heqin, the native trailblazer in educational area, also emphasized time and again that early infancy is of most importance in one's life, we should make a basis for any habit, tongue, skill, mentality, attitude and emotion. It would be difficult to construct a healthy personality without this steady base. Therefore, the chief aim of education towards kids is to let them obtain a right personality. Nowadays in our education, most parents pay too much attention to their children's intelligence progress and often with an excessively high expectation. They put more and more "brains investments" on the kids as well as give them more and more stress. This is kind of spoiling things by excessive enthusiasm which make children unwillingly to study. Furthermore, the young ones are hurt by this both physically and mentally. As a result, their normal evolution of emotion and characteristic are influenced in a bad way and mental diseases come up. As discussed above, this paper illustrates an approach that through a kind of "music education" to make kids be healthy both physically and mentally. Firstly, we should understand a kid in an appropriate way. This paper cites some studies in anthropology researches to analyze the physical and mental demands of kids in different ages in a macro way. And then in a micro way, how to use the "I-tell" skin texture test to find out the inborn abilities of a kid is discussed, as to make it possible to teach students in accordance of their aptitude. The paper also details the disadvantages and the way out for current education systems, confirms the responsibility and objective of music education in affecting kids' personalities, and considers the tactics and proposes that should be taken in this very way of education from a point of view which has relationship with psychology evolution, build up of creative personality and emotional teaching.  
DOI cnki:CDMD:10028.2.2005.8840